Everything about Emperor Go-komatsu totally explained
Emperor Go-Komatsu (後小松天皇
Go-Komatsu-tennō) (
August 1,
1377 -
December 1,
1433) was the
100th emperor of
Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He is officially considered a
pretender from
May 24,
1382 to
October 21,
1392, when
Emperor Go-Kameyama abdicated, and a legitimate emperor (the 100th sovereign) from that date until
October 5,
1412. According to pre-Meiji scholars, his reign spanned the years from
1382 through
1412.
This
Nanboku-chō "sovereign" was named after the 9th century
Emperor Kōkō and
go- (後), translates literally as "later." Jien's
Gukanshō explains that Kōkō was called "the Emperor of Komatsu;" and thus, this 14th century pretender and emperor may be called the "Later Emperor Kōkō". The Japanese word "
go" has also been translated to mean the "second one;" and in some older sources, this would-be emperor may be identified as "Kōkō, the second," or as "Kōkō II."
Genealogy
Before his ascension to the
Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his
imina) was .
Go-Komatsu was the first son of the
Northern Pretender Emperor Go-En'yū. His mother was Tsūyōmonin no Itsuko (通陽門院厳子), daughter of the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal Sanjō Kimitada (三条公忠).
- Consort: Motoko (資子) Daughter of Hino Sukekuni (日野資国)
- Consort: Unknown (the daughter of a retainer from the Southern Court)
He was named after
Emperor Kōkō, who had the alternate name Komatsu, because they both returned the throne to their families, in the case of Emperor Go-Komatsu, by defeating his Southern Court rivals, and in the case of Emperor Kōkō, by succeeding his elder brother's grandson,
Emperor Yōzei.
Events of Go-Komatsu's life
He was raised in the turbulent
Nanboku-chō period of rival northern and southern courts in the mansion of Hino Sukenori (日野西資教). He succeeded as
Northern Emperor upon the abdication of his father, the Northern Pretender Emperor Go-En'yū. With the help of
Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, his father ruled as
Cloistered Emperor. In 1392, following the post
-Nanboku-chō unification of the two formerly contending courts, the Southern Emperor
Emperor Go-Kameyama turned over the
three sacred treasures, which officially signaled the end of the southern court's claims to sovereignty. Thus, Emperor Go-Komatsu became the acknowledged, undisputed and legitimate
emperor of Japan on
October 21,
1392.
In the peace at that time, it was agreed that the northern and southern courts would alternate. However, in 1412, when Emperor Go-Komatsu abdicated, the agreement was thrown away, and, instead, he was succeeded by his son,
Emperor Shōkō, and all subsequent Emperors were descended from the
Northern Court. Until 1911, the Northern Court Emperors were considered the legitimate ones, and the Southern Court to be illegitimate. However, now the Southern Court is considered to have been legitimate, primarily because they retained the three sacred treasures, and thus, Emperor Go-Komatsu isn't considered to have been legitimate for the first 10 years of his reign.
Kugyō
Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the
Emperor of Japan in pre-
Meiji eras. Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Go-Komatsu's reign, this apex of the
Daijō-kan included:
Sadaijin
Udaijin
Nadaijin
Dainagon
Eras of Go-Komatsu's reign
The years of Go-Komatsu's Nanboku-chō and post-Nanboku-chō reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō.
» Nanboku-chō northern court
Eras as reckoned by legitimate Court (as determined by Meiji rescript)
» Nanboku-chō southern court
Eras as reckoned by pretender Court (as determined by Meiji rescript)
» Post-Nanboku-chō court
Eras merged as Meitoku 3 replaced Genchū 9 as Go-Kameyama abdicated.
Southern Court rivals
Chōkei
Go-KameyamaFurther Information
Get more info on 'Emperor Go-komatsu'.
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